8 old-fashioned medical remedies that are still being used | Ohio State Medical Center
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History of Painkillers - Morphine, Codeine, Opium & Methadone - Drug-Free World
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The History of Pain—The Appendix
Arnica Pain Relief
Clove, flower bud of Syzygium aromaticum (Eugenia carophyllata) tropical evergreen tree Native to Moluccas or Spice Islands, Indonesia. Dutch controlled trade during 1600s. In 1700s French smuggled out plants and broke monopoly.